Laminated material and the process of preparing same



Patented Nov. 25, 1924.

HENRY L. HASKELL, OF LUDINGTON,

FAG'I'URING CORPORATION, MICHIGAN.

LAMINATED MATERIAL AND THE PROCESS OF PREPARING SAME.

No Drawing. Continuation in part of appflication Serial No. 191,154,application filed January 26, 1918, Serial No. 213,891.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY L. HAsKELL,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Ludington, Michigan, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Laminated Material andthe Process of Preparing Same, of which the following is aspecification.

This application is a continuation in part of application Serial No.191,154, filed September 13, 1917, with certain modifications andcorrections of details.

This invention relates to an improved laminated material and the processof preparing the same, the invention being particularly applicable tolaminated wood material. v

The objects of this invention are to provide a veneer or other laminatedmaterial having a cement material for retaining the laminations togetherwhich shall resist the action of the elements and which shall be capableof roperly molding and conforming to prodiice such articles as canoes orboats, the bodies and wings of aeroplanes, automobile bodies, and anyother structures in which a light, strong, laminated material isdesired.

Further objects, and objects relating to details, will definitely appearfrom the detailed description to follow.

The waterproof cementing material I use here I have made the subect-matter of a separate application and the same is prepared asindicated in that application. I mix and dissolve black albumin, whichis dried blood, in water in the proportion of forty-five per cent. ofblood to fifty-five per cent. of waterby weight and stir the same todissolve the said black albumin as fully as it is possible to do it atthe usual atmospheric temperature of a room at, say, about 70. I placethis material in a suitable stirring a paratus so that the same isstirred very t oroughly and continuously for several hours, usuallyabout six hours, This insures as complete solution of black albumin orblood in the water as is possible to accomplish at the temperaturesindicated and makes a homogeneous mixture.

In place of taking the dried blood, fresh blood may be used by a properdegree of evaporation to get the required consistency,

filed September 13, 1917. This Renewed December 14, 1923.

or the required consistency may be secured by admixing with the freshblood a quantity of the dried blood and mixing the same in the samemanner and to the same extent as the dried blood is mixed with Water asabove indicated.

I mix this blood preparation witha heavy grade of silicate of soda inthe proportion by weight of five parts of dried blood to one part ofsilicate of soda solution. The silicate of soda solution is comparableto No. 14 as manufactured and marketed by the Gasselli Chemical Companyof Cleveland, Ohio, and analysis of such solution shows that the samecontains forty-four (44) per cent. of commercial disodium silicate.Apparently reaction takes place be tween these ingredients. samethoroughly until the mixture has an appearance similar to heavymolasses.

Where fresh blood is used it may be kept in condition for use .byrefrigeration and also a very small quantity of boracic acid may beadded as a preservative. Boracic acid is the preservative that I preferto use. No preservative is necessary if the materials are used whilefresh, and I have no doubt that, other preservatives than boracic acidcan be made use of, but I find that that apparently in no Way interfereswith the quality of the material.

, In using this cement it is applied to veneers in the usual way and theveneer is 'then subjected to a strong heat and pressure, by hydraulicpressure preferably, the heat being substantially at or above theboiling point of Water, and is secured by the introduction of steam intothe members of the ress.

T e material when applied and the veneer made from it is of such qualitythat the cemented veneer can afterward be boiled and molded to shape asdesired. Veneer made with this material may be boiled in waterindefinitely without injury. I have boiled samples continuously for fourmonths without injury.

While this cement is of especial use in the making of laminated lumber,I desire to state that it can be used for a variety of purposes, itbeing necessary, however, to apply heat and pressure substantially asindicated to secure a proper joint and the proper I stir and mix the-MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO HASKELITE MANU- 0F GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN, ACORPORATION OF transformation of the cement in use. For instance, it miht be made use of in applying a layer 0 wood to canvas backing or layersof wood to canvas or textile material for various urposes; or for thesecuring of indurated fi r that has been properly repared and is incondition to be treate or wood to fiber and the like. I have indicatedthe uses of my cement so far as I am able, but believe that it iscapable of many other uses than those which I have indicated.

I have indicated the precise strength of the blood solution that securesmaximum results; viz., a forty-five per cent. of solid blood content andfifty-five per cent. of water. By taking pains it has been possible tomake a solution of fifty (50) per cent. blood and fifty (50) per cent.water, but it is too viscous for ready manipulation with the usual toolsof the trade, and great aims is required to secure proper and e ectiveapplication. The higher the blood content the stronger the cement, and Ihave foflnd by experimentation that the solution can be handled andproduce a less strong but uite satisfactory JOiIlt with a solution of tirty (30) or cent. solid content of blood to seventy 0) per cent. ofwater. Even lower than this can be used but with a weakened joint.

The ratio of silicate to the blood should be maintained at five parts byweight solid blood content to one part solution of silicate; or tofigure the solid content at the ratio of 11% of solid blood content to 1of dry disodium silicate by weight. There is slight variation possiblefrom these pro portions but to secure the thickening or syrupy efiectthe proportions of blood to silicate cannot be much varied. If a littletoo much silicate is added, the mixture is thin and not syrupy; and alsoif there is not enough silicate to insure proper reaction with the bloodcontent, the material still remains thin. There is possible acomparatively small variation from the ratio I have indicated of 11%parts by weight of dried blood to 1 part by weight of the dry disodiumsilicate. It will be noted, therefore, that eight and ei ht-tenths (8.8)per cent by weight of dry isodium silicate is added. That is to say, forevery one hundred pounds of the dried blood there is added eight andeight-tenths pounds of dry disodium. silicate, if the measures are madewith accuracy, and this makes about. eight per cent of the mixture drydisodium silicate. To work out the problem complete,-if we take 100pounds of blood solution, 45% of this, or 45 lbs., will be the driedblood. To this is added one-fifth of the weight of the blood, this is,one-fifth of 45 lbs. or9 lbs., of silicate of soda solution. Thissilicate of soda solution is 44% dry disodium silicate, and

1,51e,see

consequently contains 3.96 lbs. of dry disodium silicate and 5.04 lbs.of water. The entire mixture therefore consists of 60.04 lbs. of water,45 lbs. of dried blood, and 3.96 lbs. of dry disodium silicate, making atotal of 109 lbs. Potassium silicate has been found to be the equivalentof sodium silicate in this behalf, these chemicals being known under thegroup name of water-glass.

In using this cement with wood veneer, I preferabl employ it in athree-ply veneer and usua ly the outer layers of veneer have been ofrotary cut birch and the middle ply, which is disposed with the graintransverse thereto, is of spruce, and preferably the meeting surfaces ofthe wood are left 1n the condition in which the come from the veneercutters, whether t e same be saws or rotary cutters, without any sandingor smoothing. The middle ply of the veneer without any s ecialpreparation is completely covered y the cement by means ofglue-distributing rolls and the same is disposed between the outsidelayers of the veneer which are merely air dried and passed through ahydraulic press the members of whic are steam heated to substantiallythe boiling point of water. While the layers are still in apparentlymoist condition, heavy pressure and heat is thus applied which at oncecauses the cement material to set and retain the plies firmly inposition with a substantial layer of the cementitious material between.arge continuous sheets of the veneer are prepared by advancing the samestep by step to the heated hydraulic press, the veneer being completedby being subjected to pressure and for approximately 5 to 12 minutesaccording to the thickness of material used.

The veneer sheet that is thus prepared may be prepared for use much thesame as sheet metal. It may be cut and the same can then be boiled orotherwise thoroughly moistened and heated and can be placed in steamheated forms or dies much as sheet metal is placed in dies and stampedand formed. Suitable provision is made for the escape of the steam andfor retaining the sheets in the form until comparatively dry. The moldsor dies should be designed to properlv compress and upset the fibers ofthe woo when it will be found that the parts can be shaped for canoebodies, for aeroplane win for auto mobile bodies, or any desireddrmwithin quite wide limits. Concavo-convex parts IOU may be-quitereadily formed and bended parts can be made having quite abrupt angles.The forms may be heated by steam, electricity or otherwise.

While I have applied the invention articularly to veneer as aboveindicated, am aware that it is dpplicable to all kinds of veneers andlaminated lumber.

I have indicated the treatment which is successful and preferred formaking laminated lumber having a redwood core with birch outside.Experience demonstrates, however, that a somewh'at different treatmentis necessary with poplar or wood of that character which is spongy andver readily penetrated by moisture. For sue absorbing wood I use thecement preparation as viscous and thick as it can be convenientlyhandled, and apply a. very thin layer to each of the surfaces that areto be oined, and permit the same to partially air ry before bringing thesurfaces into contact. I then apply .the high pressure and heat and bythis means maintain the cement at the joint and prevent it being undulydissipated into the veneer. both methods to secure a substantia layer ofcement between the sheets of veneer to be converted by the heat andpressure and be brought intimately in contact with the surfaces, but Ifind that it is necessary to take pains to prevent the cement materialbeing absorbed too deeply into the lumber. In this behalf experience hasdemonstrated to me that the laminated material made up of wood with mycementit-ious material has special qualities, the cement being of such acharacter tllat it causes the upsetting of the fibers of the wood whenthe same is being molded, and I desire to claim the same especially in amultiply lumber of wood. I

have, however, made use of the same to some extent for retaining otherlaminated materials together, and as the material is treated in situ andthe cement as applied is entirely different from the cement after it hasbeen treated in situ, I feel that a claim to laminated materialsgenerally should be considered. I feel this fact is demonstrated when itis considered that the material is not soluble in either hot or coldWater. I therefore desire to claim the same broadly and specifically, asindicated in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, What 1 claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. The process of preparin and applying a cement consisting of dissolving black albumin (dried blood) in water in proportions of about 55parts of water to 45 parts of albumin, mixing thoroughly for severalhours, adding thereto a heavy grade of disodium silicate in theproportion of about 9 per cents-by Wei ht to the albumin, mixing thesame' until I: e same have reached a homogeneous syrupy consistency,applying the a cement consisting of disso vi'ng It is the obiiect oftions of about 55 parts of water to 45 parts of albumin, mixingthoroughly for several hours, adding thereto a heavy grade of disodiumsilicate in the proportion of about 9 per cent. by weight to thealbumin, mixing the same until the same have reached a homogeneoussyrupy consistency, applying the same to wood surfaces of veneer to bejoined, and ap lying pressure and heat to substantially t e boilingpoint of water until the cement has set, boiling the said laminated woodin water until the whole is thoroughly heated and moistened and thenconforming the same in molds heated substantially to the boilin point ofWater, and dryin the same in molds, as specified.

3. he process of preparing and applying a cement consisting ofdissolving black albumin (dried blood) in water in proportions of about55 parts of water to 45 parts 5 of albumin, mixing thoroughly forseveral hours, adding thereto a heavy grade of disodium silicate in the"proportion of about 9 percent. by weight to the albumin, mixing the sameuntil the same have reached a homogeneous syrupy consistency, applyingthe same to wood surfaces of veneer to be joined, and ap lying pressureand heat to substantially t e boil1n oint of water until the cement hasset, boiling the said laminated wood in water until the whole isthoroughly heated and moistened and then conforming the same in moldsheated substantially to the boiling point of water, as specified.

4. The process of preparing and applying a cement consisting in addingto a solution of blood albumin -a heavy grade of disodiumsilicate in theproportion of about 9 per cent. by weight to the albumin, mixing thesame until the same have reached a homogeneous syrupy consistency,applying the same to wood surfaces of veneer to joined, and applyinpressure and heat to substantially the boi ing point of water until thecement has set, as specified.

5. The process of preparing and applying a cement consisting in addingto a solution of blood albumin a heavy grade of disodium silicate in theproportion of about 9 per cent. by wei ht to the albumin, mixing thesame until t e same have reached a homo geneous syrup consistency,applying the same to woo surfaces of veneer to be joined, and applyinpressure and heat to substantially the boi ing oint of water until thecement has set, boiIing the said lami-- nated wood in. water until thewhole is thoroughly heated 'and moistened and then conforming the samein molds heated Tsubstantially to the boiling oint of water, and dryingthe same in mol s, as specified.

6. The process of preparing and applying i a cement consisting in addingto a so ution ofblood albumin a heavy grade of disodium slllcate m theproportion of about 9 per cent. by Wegiht to the albumin, mixing thesame until the same have reached a homogeneous syrupy consistency,applying the same to wood surfaces of veneer to be joined, and applyingpressure and heat to sub stantially the boiling point of water until thecement had set, boiling the said laminated wood in water until the wholeis thoroughly heated and moistened, and then conforming the same inmolds heated substantially to the boiling point of water, as specified.

7 Process of preparing and applying ce mcnt consisting of dissolvingblack albumin in water, adding thereto disodium silicate, mixing thesame until the mixture is homogeneous in substantially the proportionsspocified, applying the same to surfaces to be joined, and applying heatand pressure to set the same, as specified.

8. Process of preparing and applying cement consisting of dissolvingblack albumin in water, adding thereto disodium Slllcate, mixing thesame until the mixture is homogeneous in substantially the proportionsspecified, applying the same to surfaces to be joined, and applying heatand pressure to set the same, thereafter boiling the laminated wood tocom letely soften and heat its texture and mol ing the same under heatand pressure to desired forms.

9. A material consisting of plies of veneer joined together by a cementbond comprising black albumin and disodium silicate intimately admixedand joined together, and set by the application of heat and pressure andinsoluble in either cold or hot water.

10. A material made up of plies or layers joined together by a cementbond comprising black albumin and disodium silicate intimately admixedand set by heat and pres sure and insoluble in either cold or hot water.

11. A material made up of plies or layers joined together by a cementbond c ompr ismg black albumin and disodium silicate 1ntimately admixedand set by heat and 1nsoluble in either cold or hot water.

12. A material, an article of manufacture made up of plies or layers ofwood joined together by a cement bond comprising black albumin anddisodium silicate intimately mixed and set by heat and conformed andmolded'to shape and insoluble in either cold or hot water. I

13. A material, an article of manufacture made up of plies or layersjoined to ether by a cement bond comprising black a1 umin and disodiumsilicate intimately mixed and set by heat and conformed and molded toshape, and insoluble in either cold or hot water.

14. A material, an article of manufacture made up of plies or layers ofwood joined together by a cement bond comprising black albumin anddisodium silicate in the proportion of 8% of disodium silicate to 92% ofalbumin, intimately mixed and set by heat and conformed and molded toshape, and insoluble in either cold or hot water.

15. A material, an article of manufacture made up of plies or layersjoined together by a cement bond comprising black albumin and disodiumsilicate in the proportion of 8% of disodium silicate to 92% of albumin,intimately mixed and set by heat and conformed and molded to shape, andin soluble in either cold or hot Water.

16. Process of preparing and applying cement consisting of dissolvingblack albumin in Water, adding thereto water glass, mixing the sameuntil the mixture is homogeneous in substantially the proportionsspecified, applying the same to surfaces to be joined, and applying heatand pressure to set the same, as specified.

17. A material made up of plies or layers joined together by a cementbond comprising black albumin and water glass intimately admixed and setby heat and pres sure and insoluble in either cold or hot water.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presenceof two witnesses.

HENRY L. HASKELL. [11. s.]

Witnesses:

LUELLA G. Ganaxrmro, MARGARET L. Gmsoow.

Certificate of Correction It is hereby certified that Letters Patent No.1,516.566. granted November 25.

1924, upon thqappli cation of Henry L. Haskell. of Lnding'ton. Michigan,for an improvement in Laminated Mfitil'ifli and tho Prom-5s nfPlt'lifll'ifl! Same. wmu amnemlsly issued to Haskelite Manufm-turingin-wrath). 'uf Grand Rapids. Michigan, :1. orpnrat-inn of Michigan, asassigm-iof tho mil-ire ink-r m in said invention. whereas said TmttersPatent shmild hnvv 1mm iwsllvri tn tho invmitm. mid Haskell, as soleowner of said invention. as shown by the "words of assignments'in thisofl'ice; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this m1-rection therein that the s'ame may conform to the record of the case inthe Patent 60. Signed and sealed this 27th day of January, A. D. 1925.

KARL FENNING,

Acting nmnmiasioner of Patents.

